Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Amoxicillin acts by interfering with the synthesis of the cell wall of bacteria. It binds to certain proteins in their cell wall and prevents certain cross-links from being produced in it. The cell wall subsequently becomes unstable and collapses. Amoxicillin thus inhibits further multiplication of the pathogens and thus contributes to fighting the infection.
Pharmacokinetics
Amoxicillin has a bioavailability of about 60%. This means that 60% of the dose can reach the bloodstream and exert its effect. Plasma protein binding is 17% and the plasma half-life is approximately 61 minutes. Amoxicillin is broken down in the liver and excreted mainly by the kidneys.
Drug Interactions
When taken concomitantly with probenecid, dose adjustment may be because probenecid may accelerate excretion. There may be an increased likelihood of allergic reactions if taken with allopurinol. Concomitant use with tetracyclines may decrease the effectiveness of amoxicillin. Concomitant use with methotrexate may increase side effects.