| ATC Code | R05CA03 |
| CAS number | 93-14-1 |
| PUB number | 3516 |
| Drugbank ID | DB00874 |
| Empirical formula | C10H14O4 |
| Molar mass (g·mol−1) | 198,22 |
| Physical state | solid |
| Melting point (°C) | 78–81 |
| Boiling point (°C) | 215 |
Guaifenesin is a drug from the group of expectorants (mucolytics). It is used for respiratory infections such as colds and bronchitis and makes it easier to cough up the tough mucus in the lungs. In addition, it helps relieve chest tightness and the urge to cough.
It is available as a juice and in the form of capsules.
Guaifenesin acts by increasing the secretion of mucus while decreasing its viscosity. This promotes the efficiency of ciliary activity in the lungs and makes it easier to clear the airways of irritating substances. The result is easier expectoration of mucus and thus an overall reduction in coughing. The exact mechanism of action is not yet fully understood.
Guaifenesin is absorbed through the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. The plasma half-life is approximately one hour. The drug is metabolized by the liver and subsequently excreted mainly by the kidneys.
Drug Interactions
Guaifenesin should not be taken together with sedatives or muscle relaxants as their effects are enhanced. In addition, antitussives should not be taken as this may result in a build-up of secretions in the lungs.
Signs of overdose include nausea and vomiting.
Studies have shown that guaifenesin can have a negative effect on the foetus. Therefore, it should not be taken during pregnancy. Guaifenesin can also pass into breast milk in small amounts. It should therefore only be given to nursing mothers if the benefit clearly outweighs the possible risk.
Side effects such as hypersensitivity reactions, dizziness, heat sensation, nausea and vomiting are possible.
LD50: 1510 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Markus Falkenstätter, BSc
Mag. pharm. Stefanie Lehenauer
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