Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

ATC CodeA11HA02
CAS number65-23-6
PUB number1054
Drugbank IDDB001165
Empirical formulaC8H11NO3
Molar mass (g·mol−1)169,1778
Physical statesolid
Melting point (°C)159-162
PKS value9,4; 5,58

Basics

Pyridoxine or pyridoxol is the alcoholic form of vitamin B6. The water-soluble vitamin is found in many plant and animal foods and was discovered in the 1930s during feeding experiments on rats and later obtained in crystalline form.
Der Nährstoff ist im Körper in der biologisch aktiven Form Pyridoxalphosphat als Coenzym unter anderem beim Aminosäurenstoffwechsel beteiligt.
In einer sehr kleinen Studie von 2002 und einer Folgestudie 2018 (mit einer größeren Stichprobe) wurde festgestellt, dass sich durch eine Supplementierung mit Vitamin B6 die Traumerinnerung verbessern kann, was möglicherweise daran liegen könnte, dass Vitamin B6 die Erregung der Großhirnrinde wärend des REM-Schlafs (Traumphase) erhöht.

Pyridoxine is used for the therapy of vitamin B6 deficiency and for the treatment of nausea during pregnancy.

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Vitamin B6 is a collective term for pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, and their phosphorylated derivatives. Pyridoxine is used synonymously with the term vitamin B6.
Als Coenzym wirkt Pyridoxalphosphat beim Auf- und Abbau von Aminosäuren, Neurotransmittern, Sphingolipiden (Bestandteile der Zellmembran) und Aminolävulinsäure (Zwischenprodukt der Häm-Synthese) mit. Des weiteren ist es am Abbau von Glykogen (Speicherform von Kohlenhydraten) beteiligt.

Pharmacokinetics

The absorption of pyridoxine into the gastrointestinal tract occurs mainly in the jejunum, the 2nd section of the small intestine. The complex conversion or degradation processes occur in the liver with the formation of primary and secondary degradation products and conversion back to pyridoxine. The active intermediate pyridoxal phosphate accounts for at least 60% of circulating vitamin B6 and is strongly bound to the protein albumin. In adults, the body pool consists of 16-25 mg of pyridoxine. The inactive pyridoxic acid is the major excretion product and is excreted in the urine.

Drug interactions

Interactions are possible with the following drugs:

  • Isoniazid
  • Hydralazine
  • Penicillamine
  • cycloserine
  • levodopa
  • Phenytoin
  • Phenobarbital

Toxicity

Toxicological data

Consequences of overdose, which can only be achieved by supplements, are cramps, breathing difficulties, increased motility e.g. of the intestine, diarrhea, movement disorders and muscle weakness.

In rats, an LD50 of 4 g/kg was determined by oral administration.

Markus Falkenstätter, BSc

Markus Falkenstätter, BSc

Mag. pharm. Stefanie Lehenauer

Mag. pharm. Stefanie Lehenauer



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